二、“const”关键字的用法(2、 Usage of ‘const’ keyword)

1、定义变量

const int MAX_VAL = 23；

const string SCHOOL_NAME = “Peking University”；

2、定义变量指针

  • 不可通过常量指针修改其指向的内容
int n,m;
const int * p = & n;
* p = 5; //编译出错
n = 4; //ok
p = &m; //ok, 常量指针的指向可以变化
  • 不能把常量指针赋值给非常量指针，反过来可以
const int * p1; int * p2;
p1 = p2; //ok
p2 = p1; //error
p2 = (int * ) p1; //ok,强制类型转换
  • 函数参数为常量指针时，可避免函数内部不小心改变 参数指针所指地方的内容
void MyPrintf( const char * p )
{
strcpy( p,"this"); //编译出错
printf("%s",p); //ok
}

3、定义常引用

不能通过常引用修改其引用的变量

int n; 
const int & r = n;
r = 5; //error 
n = 4; //ok
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1. Define variables

const int MAX_VAL = 23；

const string SCHOOL_NAME = “Peking University”；

2. Define variable pointer

  • The content pointed to by a constant pointer cannot be modified
int n,m;
const int * p = & n;
* p = 5; //编译出错
n = 4; //ok
p = &m; //ok, 常量指针的指向可以变化
  • You cannot assign a constant pointer to a non constant pointer, and vice versa
const int * p1; int * p2;
p1 = p2; //ok
p2 = p1; //error
p2 = (int * ) p1; //ok,强制类型转换
  • When the function parameter is a constant pointer, you can avoid inadvertently changing the content of the place indicated by the parameter pointer inside the function
void MyPrintf( const char * p )
{
strcpy( p,"this"); //编译出错
printf("%s",p); //ok
}

3. Definition often referenced

A variable whose reference cannot be modified by a constant reference

int n; 
const int & r = n;
r = 5; //error 
n = 4; //ok